The Treaty of New Echota was viewed as a false treaty by the Cherokee Nation (Ross, Letter from John Ross). The treaty, signed in 1835 by 100 Cherokees, relinquished all lands east of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian Territory land, money, livestock, provisions, and tools (Cherokee Nation Cultural Resource Center, A Brief History). This treaty was approved by Congress by a one vote margin (Hunter, The Trail of Tears and the forced...).